Speed & Agility

Sample Training Template

	Monday	Wednesday	Friday
Work	Agility and Acceleration Drills	Speed	Agility & Speed Endurance
Distance	8-60 sec drills | 10-20 m sprints	30-100 m sprints	20-50 m sprints and agility drills
Recovery	1 - 4 minutes	4 - 7 minute between sprints	1:1 - 1:3 work/rest ratio
Bouts	8 - 15 repetitions	4 - 10 sprints	10 - 20 sprints

• First 3 training sessions perform two short sprints followed by two longer sprints.
  
  • Add one short sprint and one long sprint every 2 training sessions.
• Speed, quickness, and agility program should be based upon several factors:
  
  • Specific sport requirements
    
    • Distances (eg: 5-15 m)
    • Work : rest ratios (eg: 1:2 to 1:4)
    • Event duration (eg: 10 to 45 minutes)
    • Intensities (sprint to jog)
    • Agility factors (eg: specific direction changes, body positioning, surfaces),
    • Cues (eg, visual, auditory, kinesthetic)
  • Athletes strengths and weaknesses
    
    • Test periodically for agility, acceleration, flying speed, and speed endurance
  • Scheduling and recovery restraints
  • Training goals within the time season
• If sport requires greater aerobic conditioning, speed and agility work can be reduced to twice per week
  
  • See Energy Systems for Selected Sports
  • See Sports Conditioning Program

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Speed Training

Athletic speed can be improve by the following ways:

• Starting ability (acceleration)
• Stride length (increase after initial acceleration)
• Stride rate (number of steps per time)
• Speed endurance
• Sprint form and technique

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Speed Exercise

Exercises to improve stride length and frequency include:

• high knee kicks
• glute kickers
• resisted running
• high speed sprints.

Craig BW (2004) What is the scientific basis of speed and agility. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 26(3), 13-14.

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Recovery Periods

Short recovery period between sprint intervals for the purpose of phosphogen energy system adaptation do not appear to be effective and enhancing motor skill development. Rest period lasing in excess of 6 minutes may improve speed more effectively (Merlau 2005).

Merlau S (2005). Recovery time optimization to facilitate motor learning during sprint intervals. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 27(2), 68-74.

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Average Sprint Distances and Rest Intervals Sport Sprint distance [yards (meters)] Intervals between sprints [seconds] Baseball, softball 30 (27) 30 - 60 Basketball 20 (18) 10 - 15 Football 10 - 40 (9 - 37) 25 - 30 Soccer, lacrosse, rugby, field hockey 10 - 40 (9 - 37) 5 - 15 Tennis 5 - 10 (5 - 9) 3 - 5 (same point) 20 - 30 (between points) 60 (between games) Dintiman G, Ward B (2003), Sports Speed, (3), pg 14, 152. Speed Analysis Percent of maximum speed Meters 10 20 30 40 50-60 % 45 84 93 97 100 Subjects: 22 male 100 m sprint finalists and semifinalists at the 1988 Olympic Games. (mean = 11.49 m/s) Bruggemann, G.F., Glad, B.: Time analysis of the sprint events. Scientific research project at the games of the XXXIV Olympiad-Seoul 1988-final report. New Studies in Athletics, suppl., 1990. 100 meter men's world record: 9.72 seconds (2008). Agility Training Agility is the ability to rapidly change directions without the loss of speed, balance, or body control. As with other fitness components, agility is specific to a particular movement pattern. One problem with agility training is that an athlete can learn to anticipate the next movement. Therefore, the athlete should be required to respond to a directional order. Craig BW (2004) What is the scientific basis of speed and agility. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 26(3), 13-14. Sandblasting Sandblasting, or running in the sand was advocated by following athletes: Walter Payton, considered by many to be the best blocking backs in NFL history; Ben Tabacknik, Ph.D. head coach of the 1988 U.S.S.R. Olympic Sprinting team; and the late Steve Prefontaine, one of the greatest runners of all time including records in the mile, two mile, three mile, and the 5000 meter race. Benefits include: Improved hamstring conditioning Exaggerated stride length, height, and rate Improved adaption for ankle stability Sandblasting. National Strength and Conditioning Association Journal, Vol. 13, Num. 4, 1991